IP Addressing:
There are two versions of IPs
1. IP version 4: offers IPs up to 4.2 billion (32 bit size)
2. IP version 6: 128 bit size.
IP address is used for identifying the system and provides communication. IP address is of 32 bits divided in four octets.
Each Octet is of 8 bits, separated by a (.) dot. IP is a combination of Network ID & Host ID.
Uses subnet mask to differentiate Network ID with Host ID.
Subnet mask acts like a mask between Network ID & the Host ID. Numbers range between 0-255.
Organizations responsible for assigning IPs to clients.
IANA: Internet Assign Naming Authority.
ICANN: Internet Corporation assigning for name Numbers.
IANA has classified IP addressing into classes.
Class A: 1-126(used in LAN/WAN)
Class B: 128 – 191(used in LAN/WAN) Class C: 192 – 223(used in LAN/WAN) Class D: 224 – 239 (used for multi casting)
Class E: 240 – 254 (used for experimentation & research)
Class
|
Format
|
No of N/Ws
|
No of Hosts
|
Subnet mask
|
Range
|
A
|
N.H.H.H
|
28-1 126
|
224 – 2 16.777.214
|
255.0.0.0
|
1 – 126
|
B
|
N.N.H.H
|
216-2 16.384
|
216 – 2 65.534
|
255.255.0.0
|
128 - 191
|
C
|
N.N.N.H
|
224-3 2.097.152
|
28 – 2 254
|
255.255.255.0
|
192 – 223
|
D
|
MULTICAST
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
224 – 239
|
E
|
RESEARCH
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
240 - 254
|
Class A:The first octet is reserved for network ID. The first bit of first octet is always (0).
Class B: The first two octets are reserved for Network IDs. The first two bits of first octet are reserved as (10)
Class C: The first three octets are reserved as network portions. The first three bits of first octet are reserved as (110)
Class D: Used for Multicasting.
The first four bits of first octet are reserved as (1110)
Class D: Used for Experimentation.
The first four bits of first octet are reserved as (1111)
The first bit of first octet is called as priority bit which determines the class of N/W
0.0.0.0. Are reserved as N/W ID.
255.255.255.255 is reserved as broadcast ID.
127.0.0.1 Is reserved as loop back ID
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